Knee Pain

Knee pain is a common complaint that can arise from various factors, including injury, overuse, arthritis, and structural abnormalities. It can significantly impact daily activities, mobility, and overall quality of life. Understanding the underlying causes of knee pain and exploring effective treatment options, including physiotherapy, podiatry, and exercise physiology, can aid in recovery and management.

Common Causes of Knee Pain

1. Injuries: Acute injuries such as ligament tears (e.g., ACL or MCL injuries), meniscus tears, or fractures can lead to sudden and severe knee pain.
2. Arthritis: Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are common degenerative conditions that result in joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.
3. Tendinitis: Overuse of the knee can lead to tendinitis, which is the inflammation of the tendons around the knee, such as patellar tendinitis (jumper’s knee).
4. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Often referred to as “runner’s knee,” this condition is characterized by pain around the kneecap, typically due to misalignment or overuse.
5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae (small sacs of fluid that cushion the knee joint) can cause pain and swelling.

How Physiotherapy Can Help

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of knee pain. Here are some ways physiotherapy can help:

1. Assessment and Diagnosis: Physiotherapists perform thorough evaluations to identify the underlying causes of knee pain. They assess joint function, muscle strength, and movement patterns to develop a tailored treatment plan.
2. Manual Therapy: Techniques such as joint mobilization and soft tissue manipulation can help alleviate pain, improve range of motion, and reduce stiffness in the knee joint.
3. Exercise Rehabilitation: Physiotherapists design individualized exercise programs that focus on strengthening the muscles around the knee, improving flexibility, and enhancing overall function. Strengthening the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles can provide better support to the knee joint.
4. Pain Management: Physiotherapy modalities, such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and heat or cold therapy, can help reduce pain and inflammation.
5. Education and Prevention: Physiotherapists educate patients on proper body mechanics, ergonomic practices, and activity modifications to prevent further injury and manage symptoms effectively.

The Role of Podiatry in Knee Pain Management

Podiatry focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of foot and ankle conditions, which can significantly influence knee pain. Here’s how podiatry can contribute:

1. Assessment of Foot Mechanics: Podiatrists assess foot structure and biomechanics to identify any abnormalities, such as flat feet or high arches, which can affect knee alignment and contribute to pain.
2. Orthotic Prescription: Custom orthotics (shoe inserts) can help correct biomechanical issues, providing better support and alignment to the feet and knees. This can alleviate stress on the knee joint and reduce pain.
3. Footwear Guidance: Podiatrists can provide recommendations on appropriate footwear that offers proper support and cushioning, which is essential for individuals with knee pain.
4. Rehabilitation and Exercise: Podiatrists may collaborate with physiotherapists to develop rehabilitation programs that include exercises to strengthen the feet and lower extremities, enhancing overall stability and function.

The Contribution of Exercise Physiology

Exercise physiology focuses on the body’s response to physical activity and the role of exercise in rehabilitation. Here’s how exercise physiology can assist with knee pain management:

1. Customised Exercise Programs: Exercise physiologists develop tailored exercise regimens that consider the individual’s specific knee condition, fitness level, and goals. These programs often include low-impact exercises to minimise stress on the knee while promoting strength and flexibility.
2. Functional Training: Exercise physiologists focus on functional training that mimics daily activities. This helps improve the patient’s ability to perform tasks without pain and enhances overall physical performance.
3. Progressive Loading: A gradual increase in exercise intensity and load can help strengthen the knee joint and surrounding muscles without risking further injury. Exercise physiologists ensure this progression is safe and effective.
4. Education on Activity Modification: Exercise physiologists educate patients on how to modify their activities and incorporate exercise safely into their routines, reducing the risk of exacerbating knee pain.

Knee pain can be a debilitating condition, but effective management through physiotherapy, podiatry, and exercise physiology can significantly improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach allows for comprehensive assessment and treatment, addressing both the symptoms and underlying causes of knee pain. If you are experiencing knee pain, consulting healthcare professionals specialising in these fields can provide valuable support and guidance, enabling you to regain mobility and enhance your quality of life.